[188] Khloé Kardashian urged her 98 million Instagram followers to adopt a plant-based diet for the same reason. [177] Representatives from seven countries attended: Brazil, Colombia, Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia, Guyana and Suriname. Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. In the week of August 18, Morales dispatched soldiers and three helicopters to fight fires in an area about the size of Oregon. [141] [By August 26, fires in the Dionisio Foianini Triangle—the Brazil-Bolivia-Paraguay triangle had reached savannah and tropical forest "near Bolivia's border with Paraguay and Brazil".[145]. [61], Jair Bolsonaro was elected as President of Brazil in October 2018 and took office in January 2019, after which he and his ministries changed governmental policies to weaken protection of the rainforest and make it favorable for farmers to continue practices of slash-and-burn clearing,[22] thus accelerating the deforestation from previous years. [144] Multiple NGOs assert that deforestation rates in Bolivia increased 200 percent after the government quadrupled available land for deforestation to small farmers in 2015. [36], Past data from INPE has shown the number of fires with the BLA from January to August in any year to be routinely higher than 60,000 fires from 2002 to 2007 and as high as 90,000 in 2003. [102] On August 28, Bolsonaro signed a decree banning the setting of fires in Brazil for a period of 60 days, making exceptions for those fires made purposely to maintain environmental forest health, to combat wildfires, and by the indigenous people of Brazil. Visualizza altre idee su foresta amazzonica, amazzoni, foresta. Paraguay President Mario Abdo Benítez was in close contact with Bolivia's Morales to coordinate response efforts. [157] The Pantana is bounded by the Humid Chaco to the south, the Arid Chaco dry forests to the southwest, Cerrado savannas lie to the north, east and southeast, and the Chiquitano dry forests, to the west and northwest,[155] where thousands of hectares burned in Bolivia. [13], On November 18, 2019 Brazilian authorities announced the official deforestation figures, based on the PRODES satellite monitoring system for the 2019 forest year — from August 1, 2018 to July 31, 2019. L'area conosciuta dell'Amazzonia supera i 7 milioni di km². [19] In the first seven months of 2019, soy exports to China rose by 18% due to trading tensions between the United States and China. Other Amazonian countries have been affected by the wildfires in higher or lesser degree. This page was last edited on 6 September 2020, at 09:38. La foresta amazzonica occupa il 63% del Brasile. [134] The Bolivian Amazon covers 19.402 million hectares (47.94 million acres) which comprise 37.7 percent of Bolivia's forests and 17.7 percent of Bolivia's land mass. [4] In addition to the impact on global climate, the fires created environmental concerns from the excess carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide within the fires' emissions, potential impacts on the biodiversity of the Amazon, and threats to indigenous tribes that live within the forest. The Bolivian government intervened after it was clear that the fires had surpassed local and regional response capabilities. You can help. The increased rates of fire counts in 2019 led to international concern about the fate of the Amazon rainforest, which is the world's largest terrestrial carbon dioxide sink and plays a significant role in mitigating global warming. 0:36. Accepting 12 million dollars of aid from the. [43], Deforestation within Brazil is partially driven by growing demand for beef and soy exports, particularly to China and Hong Kong. Agencies that monitor and fight fires include the Brazilian Federal Environment and Renewable Resources Agency (IBAMA), as well as state authorities. [67] The state of Acre entered into an environmental alert on August 16. Gli incendi in Amazzonia del 2019 sono una serie di incendi boschivi accaduti in parte della foresta amazzonica, in America meridionale.. Secondo l'Istituto nazionale di ricerche spaziali (INPE) al 20 agosto 2019 si sono susseguiti 74 155 incendi nell'area della foresta amazzonica, segnando un notevole incremento rispetto ai numeri registrati nello stesso periodo del 2018 (circa l'83%). Similar year-to-year increases in fires were subsequently reported in Bolivia, Paraguay and Peru, with the 2019 fire counts within each nation of over 19,000, 11,000 and 6,700, respectively, as of August 29, 2019[update]. Explore content created by others. [169] Bolsonaro expressed concern to United States president Donald Trump, that with Brazil not part of the G7, the country would be unrepresented in any such debate. [187], American restaurateur Eddie Huang said he is going vegan as a result of the 2019 Amazon fires. [65] INPE reported a year-to-year increase of 88% in wildfire occurrences in June 2019. This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic license. La foresta amazzonica è una foresta pluviale che si trova prevalentemente in Brasile. While some local government officials and opposition leaders have pled with Morales to update the situation from national emergengy to national disaster, but minister of communication Manuel Canelas said that Bolivia "is not overwhelmed" by fires to make this declaration, and that national emergency is sufficient to receive any type of foreign cooperation. [133], Bolivia has 7.7 percent of the Amazon rainforest within its borders. [162][161] On the same day, the European Union's Copernicus Climate Change Service reported a "discernible spike" in emissions of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide generated by the fires. [178], The media coverage had also broadly overshadowed the Amazon fires in Bolivia, Peru, and Paraguay by the fires and international impact of those in the BLA. [60] Although the INPE was able to provide regional fire data since 1998, the modernization increased access. Long-term effects could be more catastrophic. This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.0 Generic license. Con una superficie di 5,5 milioni di km², è la foresta più grande del mondo. La fauna della foresta amazzonica comprende 1.294 specie di uccelli, 380 di rettili 427 di anfibi, 419 di mammiferi, circa 3.000 di pesci, 3.000.000 di insetti e altri invertebrati. [34], Brazil's role in deforestation of the Amazon rainforest has been a significant issue since the 1970s, as 60% of the Amazon is contained within Brazil, designated as the Brazil's Legal Amazon (Amazônia Legal, BLA). [184], Other celebrities who made public contributions include actresses Vanessa Hudgens and Lana Condor, and Japanese musician Yoshiki. LA FORESTA AMAZZONICA La foresta Amazzonica si trova in sud America e occupa una superficie di 5,5 milioni di km quadrati Copre 9 paesi: principalmente il Brasile, poi Perù, Colombia e in misura minore, Ecuador, Venezuela, Suriname, Guyana, Bolivia, Guyana francese. [142] By August 25, the Chiquitano regions has seen 650 thousand hectares (1.6 million acres) of tropical forest burned within both the Amazon and the dry forests, mostly within the Santa Cruz province; like the Brazil fires, such fires occur during the dry season, but the number of fires in 2019 were larger than in previous years. Bolsonaro considered French President Emmanuel Macron's comments to have a "sensationalist tone" and accusing him of interfering in what he considers is a local problem. [118][119][120][121][122] Macron called the Amazon wildfires an "international crisis", while claiming the rainforest produces "20% of the world's oxygen"—a statement disputed by academics. La foresta si estende per tutto il … [142] Over a period of five days, from August 18 to August 22, 450 thousand hectares (1.1 million acres) of forest near Roboré were burned. Come prevenire questa devastazione e incendi? The increased rate of fires in Brazil has raised the most concerns as international leaders, particularly French president Emmanuel Macron, and environmental non-government organizations (ENGOs) attributed these to Brazilian president Jair Bolsonaro's pro-business policies that had weakened environmental protections and have encouraged deforestation of the Amazon after he took office in January 2019. [48] While slash-and-burn can be controlled, unskilled farmers may end up causing wildfires. [94] Of Macron and German Chancellor Angela Merkel, Bolsonaro stated: "They still haven't realized that Brazil is under new direction. [156] The Paraná River, which flows through Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay, is the "second largest river system in South America". According one of the engineers charged with monitoring satellite data showing the "evolution of the fires", the Pantanal is a "complex, fragile, and high-risk ecosystem because it's being transformed from a wetland to a productive system". The 2019 Amazon rainforest wildfires season saw a year-to-year surge in fires occurring in the Amazon rainforest and Amazon biome within Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, and Peru during that year's Amazonian tropical dry season. foresta amazzonica. [129][130] In her testimony presented to the hearing, Peterson Institute for International Economics (PIIE) economist, Monica de Bolle likened the rainforest to a "carbon bomb", as the fires lit for deforestation "may release as much as 200 million tons of carbon into the atmosphere a year, which would spur climate change at a much faster rate, not to mention associated changes in rainfall patterns that may result from deforestation. Evidence says otherwise", "Deforestation dropped 18% in Brazil's Amazon over past 12 months", "In Bolsonaro's Brazil, a Showdown Over Amazon Rainforest", "Brazil's environmental changes under a far-right climate skeptic", "Tras incendios en Santa Cruz, Morales justifica los chaqueos", "Feeling Sad About the Amazon Fires? This is "La foresta amazzonica" by L'Ego srl on Vimeo, the home for high quality videos and the people who love them. [136], By September 14, 2019, Bolivia—which is one-eighth the size of Brazil—lost nearly 6 million acres (2.4 million hectares) of "forest and savanna". : Oggi, meno di 200.000 delle popolazioni indigene del Brasile sopravvivere con solo poche tribù negli angoli più remoti della foresta pluviale amazzonica. [84][24] At one point in August 2019, Bolsonaro jokingly calling himself "Captain Chainsaw" while asserting that INPE's data was inaccurate. [175] The governors of the states of Brazil most affected by the fires pressured Bolsonaro to accept the aid given. Climate scientists fear a tipping point is near", "Forest fires in the Amazon blacken the sun in São Paulo - Darkness on the edge of town", "Amazon burning: Brazil reports record forest fires", "Blame humans for starting the Amazon fires, environmentalists say", "Amazon Rain Forest Fires: Here's What's Really Happening", "As Fires Grow, a New Landscape Appears in the West", "See how much of the Amazon is burning, how it compares to other years", "The highest Amazon deforestation rates in over a decade", "Fires in Brazil's Amazon rainforest surge in July, worst in recent days", "Brazilian Amazon protected areas 'in flames' as land-grabbers invade", "Bolsonaro says reports of Amazon fires are a 'lie.' More measures taken by the Brazilian government of Jair Bolsonaro to stop the fires include: In regards to the displacement of the indigenous people, Amnesty International has highlighted the change in protection of lands belonging to the indigenous people, and have called on other nations to pressure Brazil to restore these rights, as they are also essential to protecting the rainforest. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. An Universidad Nacional de Asunción representative lamented the disaster failed to attract as much media attention as the fires in the Amazon rainforest.[154]. [141] On August 22, Morales contracted the Colorado-based Boeing 747 Supertanker (also known as Global SuperTanker) to conduct firefighting missions over the Bolivian Amazon. [87][88][89][90] Bolsonaro had claimed that the fires had been deliberately started by environmental NGOs, although he provided no evidence to back up the accusation. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. [143], On August 25, 4,000 state employees and volunteers were fighting the fires. [43] The fires affect water chemistry (such as decreasing the amount of dissolved oxygen in the water), temperature, and erosion rates, which in turn affects fish and mammals that depend on fish, such as the giant otter. Commons is a freely licensed media file repository. When a forest burns for the first time, fire intensity is usually low and flames are mostly restricted to the understory while repeated fire events have higher intensity. [69] This represented a 77 percent increase in the number of fires from the same time period in 2018. From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository, Add a one-line explanation of what this file represents. [59][66] There was further increase in the rate of deforestation in July 2019, with the INPE estimating that more than 1,345 square kilometres (519 sq mi; 134,500 ha; 332,000 acres) of land had been deforested in the month and would be on track to surpass the area of Greater London by the end of the month. E subito dopo abbiamo passato tre mesi nella foresta pluviale amazzonica. The increasing rates were first reported by Brazil's National Institute for Space Research (Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, INPE) in June and July 2019 through satellite monitoring systems, but international attention was drawn to the situation by August 2019 when NASA corroborated INPE's findings,[7] and smoke from the fires, visible from satellite imagery, darkened the city of São Paulo despite being thousands of kilometers from the Amazon. Hospitals in cities like Porto Velho had reported over three times the average number of cases of patients suffering from the effects of smoke over the same year-to-year period in August 2019 than in other previous years. At the G7 summit, Macron negotiated with the other nations to allocate US$22 million for emergency aid to the Amazonian countries affected by the fires. The countries signed a pact to coordinate monitoring of the Amazon forest and disaster response, and a better information network to coordinate their responses. [54], To support PPCDAM, the INPE began developing systems to monitor the Amazon rainforest. [106], Brazil banned clearing land by setting fire to it on 29 August 2019.[107]. [141][148], Political opponents of Morales alleged that the Supreme Decree 3973, a mandate to further beef production in the Amazon region, is a major cause of the Bolivian fires. [63], INPE alerted the Brazilian government to larger-than-normal growth in the number of fires through June to August 2019. The number of hectares of Bolivian rainforest affected by the wildfires were roughly equal to those of Brazil, being the area of Bolivia only about one-eighth of Brazil's. While most countries in the Amazon do have laws and environmental enforcement against deforestation, these are not well enforced, and much of the slash-and-burn activity is done illegally. [140] By August 24, the fires had already affected 1,011 thousand hectares (2.50 million acres) of forestland in the Santa Cruz and were burning near Santa Cruz, Bolivia. [75][76][77] NASA later clarified that the data set they had evaluated previous was through August 16, 2019. [165], On August 22, the Bishops Conference for Latin America called the fires a "tragedy" and urged the UN, the international community, and governments of Amazonian countries, to "take serious measures to save the world's lungs". The first four months of the year were wetter-than-average, discouraging slash-and-burn efforts. However, with the start of the dry season in May 2019, the number of wildfires jumped greatly. [163], Areas downwind of the fires have become covered with smoke, which can potentially last upwards of months at a time if the fires are left to burn out. [53] However, in 2014, Brazil fell into an economic crisis, and as part of that recovery, pushed heavily on its exports of beef and soy to help bolster its economy, which caused a reversal in the falling deforestation rates. [150], By September 9, total forests that had been affected by fires in Bolivia was estimated as 1,700 thousand hectares (4.2 million acres), more than double from estimates two weeks prior, but far less extended than the forest fires that occurred in 2004 and 2010. [141] The 747 Supertanker is the largest firefighting aircraft in the world, which can hold approximately 19,000 gallons of water per trip. [79], Rodrigo Maia, president of the Chamber of Deputies, announced that he would form a parliatary committee to monitor the problem. [39] According to the World Bank, some 80% of deforested land is used for cattle ranching. It sprawls over an area estimated at between 140,000 and 195,000 square kilometres (54,000 and 75,000 sq mi). Several international governments and environmental groups raised concerns at Bolsonaro's stance on the rainforest and the lack of attempts by his government to slow the wildfires. [141] By August 26, wildfires had reached over 728 thousand hectares (1.80 million acres) of Bolivia's savanna and tropical forests, according to the Bolivian Information Agency (BIA). [32] First, deforestation-related fires are those used to prepare the area for agriculture after a primary forest being felled and the vegetation left to dry. biodiversita' della foresta amazonica sviluppata da samuele e riccardo introduzione introduzione la nostra ricerca riguardante la foresta amazzonica e' divisa in due argomenti : la biodiversita' la biodiversita' che a sua volta si divide in: - flora - fauna - tribu' locali flora La Foresta Amazzonica La deforestazione della foresta amazzonica ha subìto una forte crescita tra il 1991 e il 2004, raggiungendo un tasso di perdita forestale annua di 27,423 km² nel 2004. [92] Colombian President Ivan Duque stated he wanted to lead a conservation pact with the other nations that share the Amazon rainforest with plans to present this to the UN General Assembly. The rate of deforestation was the "worst in more than a decade" with 970,000 hectares (2,400,000 acres) lost. [111], Thousands of Brazilian citizens held protests in several major cities from August 24, 2019, onward to challenge the government's reaction to the wildfires. [45][128], The Secretary-General of the Rainforest Foundation Norway (RFN), Øyvind Eggen, said that neither the "official deforestation figures" published by Brazilian authorities on November 18, 2019 nor the number of wildfires in Amazon in 2019, were normal. [39] Seventy percent of formerly forested land in the Amazon, and 91% of land deforested since 1970, is used for livestock pasture. For more on the impacts of displacement on populations. [29][30][31], Amazon fires can be separated into three broad categories. By August 11, Amazonas had declared a state of emergency. The timestamp is only as accurate as the clock in the camera, and it may be completely wrong. : You are free: to share – to copy, distribute and transmit the work; to remix – to adapt the work; Under the following conditions: attribution – You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. [20] In some cases, workers performing the burn are unskilled, and may inadvertently allow these fires to spread. [24][62] Bolsonaro and his ministers had also segmented the environmental agency, placing part of its control under the agricultural ministry, which is led by the country's farming lobby, weakened protections on natural reserves and territories belonging to indigenous people, and encouraged businesses to file counter-land claims against regions managed by sustainable forestry practices. Endemic species, like Milton's titi and Mura's saddleback tamarin, are believed to be beset by the fires. Duque said, "We must understand the protection of our Mother Earth and our Amazon is a duty, a moral duty. [170] Trump offered to take the position of the Brazilian government to the meeting and said that the US government did not agree to discuss the issue without Brazil's presence. Following increased pressure at the 45th G7 summit and a threat to reject the pending European Union–Mercosur free trade agreement, Bolsonaro dispatched over 44,000 Brazilian troops and allocated funds to fight the fires, and later signed a decree to prevent such fires for a sixty-day period. Softening his position about aid from the G7. "[42] The Brazilian states of Pará, Mato Grosso, and Rondônia, located along the southern border of the Amazon rainforest, are in what is called the "deforestation arc". [6] Fires normally occur around the dry season as slash-and-burn methods are used to clear the forest to make way for agriculture, livestock, logging, and mining, leading to deforestation of the Amazon rainforest. [95] General Eduardo Villas Bôas, former commander of the Brazilian Army, considered the criticism of world leaders, like Macron and Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, to be directly challenging "Brazilian sovereignty", and may need to be met with military response. Human translations with examples: wood, forest, forests, foreste, forested, forestry, forestland. [189] Leonardo DiCaprio told his Instagram followers to "eliminate or reduce consumption of beef" as "cattle ranching is one of the primary drivers of deforestation. [160], By August 22, NASA's AIRS published maps of increased carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide resulting from Brazil's wildfires. This page was last edited on 16 June 2020, at 14:58. [39] Brazil's cattle herd has increased by 56% over the last two decades. Other Amazon basin ecosystems, like the Cerrado region, with its "large savannah, and lots of plants there have thick, corky, fire-resistant stems", is "fire-adapted". Wildfires have increased as the agricultural sector has pushed into the Amazon basin and spurred deforestation. [126] With the wildfires on-going, both Macron and Irish Prime Minister Leo Varadkar have stated they will refuse to ratify the trade deal unless Brazil commits to protecting the environment. On thinglink.com, edit images, videos and 360 photos in one place. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details such as the timestamp may not fully reflect those of the original file. Aquatic species could also be affected due to the fires changing the water chemistry into a state unsuitable for life. [164], According to the World Wildlife Fund, the jaguar, for example, is already "near threatened" and the loss of food supplies and habitat due to the fires make the situation more critical. [88] NGOs such as WWF Brasil, Greenpeace, and the Brazilian Institute for Environmental Protection countered Bolsonaro's claims. [13] The Amazon wildfires also occurred shortly after major wildfires reported in Greenland and Siberia after a globally hotter-than-average June and July, drawing away coverage of these natural disasters. [185][186], On August 26, 2019, Europe's richest man, Bernard Arnault, declared that his LVMH group will donate $11 million to aid in the fight against the Amazon rainforest wildfires. [22][56][85][86] Bolsonaro claimed Galvão was using the data to lead an "anti-Brazil campaign". [28], In August 2020 Brazil's National Institute for Space Research reported that satellite data shows that the number of fires in the Amazon increased by 28% to ~6,800 fires in July compared to the ~5,300 wildfires in July 2019. truetrue. Brazil's Bolsonaro says hands off", "Amazon rainforest fires: Macron calls for 'international crisis' to lead G7 discussions", "Merkel backs Macron's call for G7 talks on Amazon fires", "General Villas Bôas vê 'ameaça militar' em falas de Macron sobre Amazônia", "Brazil's Bolsonaro on the Environment, in His Own Words", "Brazil Plans to Mobilize the Military to Fight Fires in the Amazon", "Brazil Military Mobilizes to Fight Amazon Fires, and Restore 'Positive Perception, "Forças Armadas enviam aviões e 43 mil militares para a Amazônia", "Governo desbloqueia R$ 38,5 milhões para combate a incêndios", "Warplanes dump water on Amazon as Brazil military begins fighting fires", "Secretário-geral da ONU diz estar preocupado com incêndios na Amazônia", "Grupo usou whatsapp para convocar "dia do fogo" no Pará", "PF investigará se houve convocação para queimadas no Pará em 'dia do fogo, Leonardo DiCaprio responds after Brazil's President blames actor for Amazon forest fires, "Brazil Announces 60-Day Ban on Clearing Land With Fire", "Bolsonaro bans land-clearing fires in Amazon for 60 days", "Amazon wildfires part of 'genocide' facing Brazil's Indigenous peoples, advocate says", "Near the Amazon fires, residents are sick, worried, and angry", "Brazilian protesters rail against Bolsonaro as Amazon fires rage on", "SOS From Brazil's Amazon Fire Protesters: 'We Need The World's Help Right Now, "Protesters besiege Brazilian embassies worldwide over Amazon fires", "The Land Battle Behind the Fires in the Amazon", "Brazil's indigenous people swear to fight for Amazon 'to last drop of blood, "Brazil's New President Is Bulldozing the Amazon Rainforest and Indigenous Rights", "Amazon fires: France and Ireland threaten to block EU trade deal", BFMTV - Incendies en Amazonie: Bolsonaro accuse Macron d'avoir une "mentalité colonialiste", l'Elysée répond - 23/08/2019, French Minister for Overseas Answer to Jair Bolsonaro, Le Monde - Emmanuel Macron assure le chef amazonien Raoni du soutien de la France - 16/5/2019, "Amazon rainforest fires: Ten readers' questions answered", "Destructive Amazon Fires Do Not Threaten Earth's Oxygen, Expert Says", "Ireland, France set to block EU-Mercosur trade deal over Amazon", "Macron's Mercosur Veto - Are Amazon Fires Being Used As A Smokescreen for Protectionism? Finally, the previous fire types can escape beyond intended limits and invade standing forests. [9][10] From a global climate perspective, the Amazon has been the world's largest carbon dioxide sink, and estimated to capture up to 25% of global carbon dioxide generation into plants and other biomass. Per deforestazione della foresta Amazzonica si intende il progressivo processo di … The Amazon region has become the largest cattle ranching territory in the world. [44] Brazil is one of the largest exporters of beef, accounting for more than 20% of global trade of the commodity. While most of the Pantanal regions—140,000 and 195,000 square kilometres (54,000 and 75,000 sq mi)—is within Brazil's borders in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, the natural region also extends into Mato Grosso and portions of Bolivia. "Amazon rainforest 'close to irreversible tipping point, "Bolivia: Decreto Supremo Nº 26075, 16 de febrero de 2001", "Status and trends in global primary forest, protected areas, and areas designated for conservation of biodiversity from the Global Forest Resources Assessment 2015", "Central South America: Bolivia into Brazil", "Bolivia Is Fighting Major Forest Fires Nearly As Large As In Brazil", "Bolivia: Forest fire Emergency Situation Report No. [114], In addition to environmental harm, the slash-and-burn actions leading to the wildfires have threatened the approximately 306,000 indigenous people in Brazil who reside near or within the rainforest. [173], During the summit, Macron and Chilean president Sebastián Piñera negotiated with the other nations to authorize US$22 million in emergency funding to Amazonian countries to help fight the fires. [176] Bolsonaro later clarified that he would accept foreign aid for the fires, but only if Brazil has the authority to determine how it is used. [11] Without this sink, atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations would increase and contribute towards higher global temperatures, thus making the viability of the Amazon a global concern. [144] Throughout August, wildfires have been spreading across four states. [51] The daily data is published on the regularly updated Brazilian Environmental Institute government website, and later corroborated with the annual and more accurate PRODES data. [98][99] Among military support included 43,000 troops as well as four firefighting aircraft, and an allocated US$15.7 million for fire-fighting operations. There are 670 million ha (1.7 billion acres; 6.7 million km2; 2.6 million sq mi) of Amazon rainforest. [97] He engaged the Brazilian military to help fight the wildfires on August 24, which Joint Staff member Lt. Brig. Besides hindering breathing, the smoke can exacerbates patients with asthma or bronchitis and have potential cancer risk, generally affecting the youth and elderly the most. [110] Additionally, some indigenous groups that have traditionally used fire management practices for agricultural livelihoods are being criminalized. [116] Kerexu Yxapyry, a leader from Santa Catarina's Kerexu tribe, describes this conflict as, "We know our struggle will be arduous. [179][180] Agence France-Presse and El Comercio published guides to help people "fact-check" on misleading photos. [63], The month of August 2019 saw a large growth in the number of observed wildfires according to INPE. Among these include the Real-Time Deforestation Detection System (DETER) satellite alert system, allowing them to capture incidents of wildfires in 15-day cycles. The government had been trying to determine the cause of the fires, with the Bolivian land management authority attributing 87% of the fires present in areas without authorization. Among the most vocal was Macron, given the proximity of French Guiana to Brazil. [1] It is estimated that over 906 thousand hectares (2.24×10^6 acres; 9,060 km2; 3,500 sq mi) of forest within the Amazon biome has been lost to fires in 2019. Raul Botelho stated was to create a "positive perception" of the government's efforts. The 2019 Amazon rainforest wildfires season saw a year-to-year surge in fires occurring in the Amazon rainforest and Amazon biome within Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, and Peru during that year's Amazonian tropical dry season.
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